Answers: One of the most critical sensors on cars these days is a crankshaft position sensor. Ignition systems are going distributorless, and surrounded by this configuration the CPS tells the computer when to enjoy the ignition coils fire based on where on earth in its rotation the crankshaft is.
There's also a mass nouns flow sensor, or manifold nouns pressure sensor, or some other such sensor (depending on make & model, I don't know the Elantra's systems offhand) that tell the engine how much air it's getting. In combination beside the oxygen sensor in the tailpipe, which tell the engine how much unused oxygen is getting through the engine, the computer determines how much fuel to give the engine through the injectors, which are entirely computer controlled.
The computer also uses a coolant warmth sensor to determine if the engine's warmed up or not, and adjust fuel accordingly.
That's merely a few of the basics.
One article to remember is that there's a mode where if you lose a non-critical sensor, such as the oxygen sensor, you'll attain a check engine light but the motor will still start and run. You'll burn more fuel, have smaller quantity power, and fail any emission test you may try to cart, but your car will gain you home. Unless you lose something absolutely critical, such as the crankshaft sensor, i.e..
There are many. Map sensor, o2 sensors, ignition control module, coils, etc. If you want to know give or take a few them all you should hold a course...
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